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PHONETICS

Phonetics is the study of human sounds.

English phonetics can be very confusing. As you know, there are no strict pronunciation rules in the English language, so if you see an unknown English word, you will not know how to pronounce it. The same English letter, or combination of letters, can be pronounced differently in different words. Moreover, the same English word can be pronounced in different ways by native English speakers from different countries, or even from the same country! That makes the English language hard to learn and understand. But we are not afraid of difficulties, are we?

This paper examines the wide spectrum of phonetic properties associated with the phonological distinctions between consonant classes such as /p, t, k/ and /b, d, g/ in a great variety of languages (including languages with multivalued contrasts) and evaluates their relationship to the features [+/- voiced], [+/- aspirated], [+/- fortis]. The discussion separates word-initial, word-medial and word-final positions according to their different production and signalling constraints. A power feature, realized in articulatory timing and/or phonatory power/tension, is set up as the essential differentiator, thus providing a phonetic basis for the fortis/lenis dichotomy. The incorporation of the time dimension into phonology is regarded as a necessary prerequisite to the solution of phonological problems in general and to an adequate treatment of the [+/- voiced] feature in particular, voice onset time being only one temporal aspect.

 

INTRODUCTION TO LINGUISTICS
Linguistics The study of language. As a scientific discipline built on objective principles, linguistics did not develop until the beginning of the 19th century. The approach then was historical as linguists were mainly concerned with the reconstruction of the Indo-European language. With the advent of structuralism at the beginning of the 20th century, it became oriented towards viewing language at one point in time. The middle of this century saw a radically new approach-known as generative grammar-which stressed our unconscious knowledge of language and underlying structures to be found in all languages.
Kind of pure linguistics such as : 

• Phonetics is the study of human sounds.
• Phonology is the study of the sound system of a language or languages.
• Morphology is the study of the words as they express grammatical categories.
• Lexicology is the study of the structure of the lexicon. 
• Syntax is the study of sentence structure.
• Semantics is the study of meaning in language

Kind of apply linguistics such as :

• Sociolinguistics is the study of how language is used in society.
• Psycholinguistics is the study of language is relation to our cognition and in particular to the way we acquire our first language.
• Applied linguistics studies the uses to which linguistic insights can be put, especially in second language teaching.
• Language change is the investigation of the manner in which languages change their structure over time.
• Language typology is the study of the synchronic structure of languages for the purpose of classifying them according to recurring patterns and regularities.

My name is Nur Hidayah, you can call me Nur.
I was born in Kandis on 04 January 1997.
I have a lot of siblings.
My hobby is reading book like a story about love, and I like a news all about progreessive Indonesian ecconomic, building and goverment.
My favorite foods is fried rice, and sate and I like a mango juice.
If I (lulus) from Lancang Kuning University I wanna be a good teacher.
Even though I work hard for dream come true, but I believe it's all not useless.


Okay, thank you for read my blog.
See you later in the next scene.....
Bye:)